Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is rapidly becoming a hot topic in the world of healthcare due to its role in causing respiratory infections. Recent HMPV outbreaks have led to a significant uptick in hospitalizations, particularly among young children, the elderly, and those with pre-existing health conditions. As cases surge across the globe, including in Southeast Asia and Indonesia, public awareness about the virus is becoming more critical than ever.

In this article, we’ll dive deep into Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) — what it is, its symptoms, how it spreads, and, most importantly, how to protect yourself and your loved ones.

What Is Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV)?

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is a virus that attacks the respiratory system. It was first discovered by scientists in the Netherlands in 2001, although evidence suggests that it has been circulating in humans for decades. HMPV belongs to the Paramyxoviridae family, which also includes well-known viruses such as the measles virus and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).

HMPV can infect people of all ages, but the following groups are especially vulnerable:

  • Children, particularly infants and toddlers under 5 years old,
  • Older adults over the age of 65,
  • Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, or transplant recipients,
  • People with chronic respiratory diseases, like asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

In the last few months, HMPV has gone from being relatively obscure to being in the spotlight. A surge in cases has been reported in countries like the United States and across Asia.

Although HMPV may not yet be a household name like flu or COVID-19, it’s a major player in respiratory illnesses. Often overshadowed by other viruses, it frequently flies under the radar because its symptoms are similar to those of common colds or other respiratory infections. To make matters trickier, there’s currently no vaccine or antiviral medication specifically designed to fight HMPV, making prevention and supportive care the only tools we have at our disposal.

Symptoms of HMPV

When it comes to symptoms, HMPV doesn’t play favorites. It can cause mild, moderate, or even severe respiratory issues, depending on the person’s age and overall health. For most, it might just feel like a bad cold, but for others, it can lead to severe complications.

Mild Symptoms of HMPV:

  • Low-grade fever
  • Runny or stuffy nose
  • Dry cough
  • Sore throat
  • Feeling worn out or fatigued

Moderate to Severe Symptoms:

In certain cases — particularly in infants, older adults, and people with compromised immune systems — HMPV can rear its ugly head and lead to:

  • High fever
  • Shortness of breath
  • Wheezing (a whistling sound while breathing)
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Bronchiolitis (inflammation of the small airways in the lungs)
  • Pneumonia (a severe lung infection)

If you or a loved one experience worsening respiratory symptoms, such as struggling to breathe or bluish skin, it’s time to pull out all the stops and seek medical attention immediately.

How Does HMPV Spread?

HMPV spreads like wildfire in communities, particularly during flu season or colder months. It’s highly contagious and is passed from person to person through respiratory droplets. Below are the primary ways it spreads:

1. Respiratory Droplets

When an infected person coughs, sneezes, or even talks, tiny droplets containing the virus are released into the air. If someone nearby breathes in these droplets, they can catch the virus.

2. Direct Contact

  • Shaking hands with an infected person or touching their face without proper hand hygiene.
  • Spread is especially common in crowded spaces like schools, daycare centers, or hospitals.

3. Contaminated Surfaces

HMPV can survive on surfaces such as door handles, tables, and children’s toys for hours. Touching a contaminated surface and then touching your eyes, nose, or mouth is a surefire way to pick up the virus.

While the virus doesn’t discriminate, it tends to circulate more during late winter and early spring, coinciding with other seasonal respiratory viruses like RSV and influenza.

How to Prevent HMPV

Currently, there’s no vaccine or antiviral medication for HMPV, so prevention is the name of the game. By adopting proactive measures, you can significantly reduce your risk of infection. Here’s how:

1. Practice Good Hand Hygiene

  • Wash Your Hands Regularly: Washing your hands with soap and running water for at least 20 seconds is the gold standard for preventing infections. To prevent dry skin despite frequent handwashing, choose a gentle soap ingredient like Mild Surfactant to keep your skin hydrated and moisturized.
  • Extra Protection: Consider using handwash with active handwash ingredients like Chlorhexidine Gluconate, which not only removes viruses with its surfactant properties but also kills bacteria, offering double protection.
  • If soap and water are unavailable, use an alcohol-based hand sanitizer (with at least 70% alcohol).

2. Avoid Close Contact

  • Steer clear of individuals who show symptoms of respiratory illness, such as coughing or sneezing.
  • Resist the urge to touch your eyes, nose, and mouth, as these are the virus’s favorite entry points.

3. Mask Up in Public

In crowded or poorly ventilated spaces, wearing a mask is your best bet for reducing exposure to airborne droplets.

4. Disinfect Frequently-Touched Surfaces

Keep high-touch surfaces — like doorknobs, light switches, and children’s toys — squeaky clean by wiping them down with disinfectant.

5. Build a Strong Immune System

  • Fuel your body with a balanced diet rich in vitamins, especially Vitamin C, Vitamin D, and Zinc.
  • Get enough sleep (7–8 hours for adults, longer for children) and stay physically active to keep your immune system in fighting shape.

6. Seek Medical Help When Needed

Don’t wait until the eleventh hour. If you or your child experience severe symptoms like difficulty breathing, high fever, or symptoms that persist for more than a few days, consult a doctor without delay.

A Public Health Reminder for Indonesians

To curb the spread of HMPV, here are some key health reminders for the people of Indonesia:

  1. Wash your hands diligently with soap and running water or an alcohol-based hand sanitizer.
  2. Wear a mask, especially in crowded or enclosed spaces.
  3. Avoid large gatherings if you’re feeling unwell or showing cold symptoms.
  4. See a doctor if you or your child experience severe respiratory symptoms.
  5. Strengthen your body’s natural defenses with healthy eating, proper sleep, and regular exercise.

Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) is becoming a growing concern, particularly for those in vulnerable groups. However, the silver lining is that HMPV can be nipped in the bud with simple habits like regular handwashing and keeping hygiene top of mind. Bahtera Adi Jaya is leading the charge by offering top-tier active ingredients like Chlorhexidine Gluconate, the gold standard for premium handwash products, delivering a one-two punch against viruses and bacteria. Find your solutions with Bahtera here.